The global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market size was valued at USD 8251.2 million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 10600 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 3.6% during review period.
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or facades. They are increasingly being incorporated into the construction of new buildings as a principal or ancillary source of electrical power, although existing buildings may be retrofitted with similar technology. The advantage of integrated photovoltaics over more common non-integrated systems is that the initial cost can be offset by reducing the amount spent on building materials and labor that would normally be used to construct the part of the building that the BIPV modules replace. These advantages make BIPV one of the fastest growing segments of the photovoltaic industry.
Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) key players include Canadian Solar, SunPower, Hanwha Solar, Jinko Solar, Solar Frontier, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a share about 25%. Asia Pacific is the largest market, with a share about 50%, followed by Europe, with a share about 30 percent. In terms of product, Polycrystalline Silicon is the largest segment, with a share about 60%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Commercial, followed by Residential, etc.
The report includes an overview of the development of the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) industry chain, the market status of Residential (Single Crystal Silicon, Polycrystalline Silicon), Commercial (Single Crystal Silicon, Polycrystalline Silicon), and key enterprises in developed and developing market, and analysed the cutting-edge technology, patent, hot applications and market trends of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV).
Regionally, the report analyzes the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) markets in key regions. North America and Europe are experiencing steady growth, driven by government initiatives and increasing consumer awareness. Asia-Pacific, particularly China, leads the global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market, with robust domestic demand, supportive policies, and a strong manufacturing base.
Key Features:
The report presents comprehensive understanding of the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. It provides a holistic view of the industry, as well as detailed insights into individual components and stakeholders. The report analysis market dynamics, trends, challenges, and opportunities within the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) industry.
The report involves analyzing the market at a macro level:
Market Sizing and Segmentation: Report collect data on the overall market size, including the sales quantity (MW), revenue generated, and market share of different by Type (e.g., Single Crystal Silicon, Polycrystalline Silicon).
Industry Analysis: Report analyse the broader industry trends, such as government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer preferences, and market dynamics. This analysis helps in understanding the key drivers and challenges influencing the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market.
Regional Analysis: The report involves examining the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market at a regional or national level. Report analyses regional factors such as government incentives, infrastructure development, economic conditions, and consumer behaviour to identify variations and opportunities within different markets.
Market Projections: Report covers the gathered data and analysis to make future projections and forecasts for the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. This may include estimating market growth rates, predicting market demand, and identifying emerging trends.
The report also involves a more granular approach to Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV):
Company Analysis: Report covers individual Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) manufacturers, suppliers, and other relevant industry players. This analysis includes studying their financial performance, market positioning, product portfolios, partnerships, and strategies.
Consumer Analysis: Report covers data on consumer behaviour, preferences, and attitudes towards Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) This may involve surveys, interviews, and analysis of consumer reviews and feedback from different by Application (Residential, Commercial).
Technology Analysis: Report covers specific technologies relevant to Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV). It assesses the current state, advancements, and potential future developments in Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) areas.
Competitive Landscape: By analyzing individual companies, suppliers, and consumers, the report present insights into the competitive landscape of the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market. This analysis helps understand market share, competitive advantages, and potential areas for differentiation among industry players.
Market Validation: The report involves validating findings and projections through primary research, such as surveys, interviews, and focus groups.
Market Segmentation
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value.
Market segment by Type
Single Crystal Silicon
Polycrystalline Silicon
Thin Film
Market segment by Application
Residential
Commercial
Others
Major players covered
First Solar
Sharp
Yingli Solar
Solar Frontier
SunPower
Solarcentury
Hanwha Solar
REC Group
Panasonic
Kyocera
Canadian Solar
Suntech
Trina Solar
Meyer Burger
AGC Solar
Harsha Abakus Solar
Sapa Group
ISSOL
SolarWorld AG
Jinko Solar
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) from 2019 to 2024.
Chapter 3, the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2019 to 2030.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2019 to 2030.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2023.and Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2025 to 2030.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends and Porters Five Forces analysis.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV).
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
Please Note - This is an on demand report and will be delivered in 2 business days (48 Hours) post payment.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Type: 2019 Versus 2023 Versus 2030
1.3.2 Single Crystal Silicon
1.3.3 Polycrystalline Silicon
1.3.4 Thin Film
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Application: 2019 Versus 2023 Versus 2030
1.4.2 Residential
1.4.3 Commercial
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019 & 2023 & 2030)
1.5.2 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity (2019-2030)
1.5.3 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Average Price (2019-2030)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 First Solar
2.1.1 First Solar Details
2.1.2 First Solar Major Business
2.1.3 First Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.1.4 First Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.1.5 First Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Sharp
2.2.1 Sharp Details
2.2.2 Sharp Major Business
2.2.3 Sharp Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.2.4 Sharp Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.2.5 Sharp Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Yingli Solar
2.3.1 Yingli Solar Details
2.3.2 Yingli Solar Major Business
2.3.3 Yingli Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.3.4 Yingli Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.3.5 Yingli Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Solar Frontier
2.4.1 Solar Frontier Details
2.4.2 Solar Frontier Major Business
2.4.3 Solar Frontier Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.4.4 Solar Frontier Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.4.5 Solar Frontier Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 SunPower
2.5.1 SunPower Details
2.5.2 SunPower Major Business
2.5.3 SunPower Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.5.4 SunPower Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.5.5 SunPower Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 Solarcentury
2.6.1 Solarcentury Details
2.6.2 Solarcentury Major Business
2.6.3 Solarcentury Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.6.4 Solarcentury Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.6.5 Solarcentury Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Hanwha Solar
2.7.1 Hanwha Solar Details
2.7.2 Hanwha Solar Major Business
2.7.3 Hanwha Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.7.4 Hanwha Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.7.5 Hanwha Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 REC Group
2.8.1 REC Group Details
2.8.2 REC Group Major Business
2.8.3 REC Group Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.8.4 REC Group Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.8.5 REC Group Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Panasonic
2.9.1 Panasonic Details
2.9.2 Panasonic Major Business
2.9.3 Panasonic Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.9.4 Panasonic Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.9.5 Panasonic Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 Kyocera
2.10.1 Kyocera Details
2.10.2 Kyocera Major Business
2.10.3 Kyocera Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.10.4 Kyocera Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.10.5 Kyocera Recent Developments/Updates
2.11 Canadian Solar
2.11.1 Canadian Solar Details
2.11.2 Canadian Solar Major Business
2.11.3 Canadian Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.11.4 Canadian Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.11.5 Canadian Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.12 Suntech
2.12.1 Suntech Details
2.12.2 Suntech Major Business
2.12.3 Suntech Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.12.4 Suntech Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.12.5 Suntech Recent Developments/Updates
2.13 Trina Solar
2.13.1 Trina Solar Details
2.13.2 Trina Solar Major Business
2.13.3 Trina Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.13.4 Trina Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.13.5 Trina Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.14 Meyer Burger
2.14.1 Meyer Burger Details
2.14.2 Meyer Burger Major Business
2.14.3 Meyer Burger Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.14.4 Meyer Burger Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.14.5 Meyer Burger Recent Developments/Updates
2.15 AGC Solar
2.15.1 AGC Solar Details
2.15.2 AGC Solar Major Business
2.15.3 AGC Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.15.4 AGC Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.15.5 AGC Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.16 Harsha Abakus Solar
2.16.1 Harsha Abakus Solar Details
2.16.2 Harsha Abakus Solar Major Business
2.16.3 Harsha Abakus Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.16.4 Harsha Abakus Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.16.5 Harsha Abakus Solar Recent Developments/Updates
2.17 Sapa Group
2.17.1 Sapa Group Details
2.17.2 Sapa Group Major Business
2.17.3 Sapa Group Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.17.4 Sapa Group Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.17.5 Sapa Group Recent Developments/Updates
2.18 ISSOL
2.18.1 ISSOL Details
2.18.2 ISSOL Major Business
2.18.3 ISSOL Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.18.4 ISSOL Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.18.5 ISSOL Recent Developments/Updates
2.19 SolarWorld AG
2.19.1 SolarWorld AG Details
2.19.2 SolarWorld AG Major Business
2.19.3 SolarWorld AG Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.19.4 SolarWorld AG Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.19.5 SolarWorld AG Recent Developments/Updates
2.20 Jinko Solar
2.20.1 Jinko Solar Details
2.20.2 Jinko Solar Major Business
2.20.3 Jinko Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Product and Services
2.20.4 Jinko Solar Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2024)
2.20.5 Jinko Solar Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.2 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.3 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Average Price by Manufacturer (2019-2024)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2023)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2023
3.4.2 Top 3 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Manufacturer Market Share in 2023
3.4.2 Top 6 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Manufacturer Market Share in 2023
3.5 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Region (2019-2030)
4.1.2 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Region (2019-2030)
4.1.3 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Average Price by Region (2019-2030)
4.2 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019-2030)
4.3 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019-2030)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019-2030)
4.5 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019-2030)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value (2019-2030)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
5.2 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Type (2019-2030)
5.3 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Average Price by Type (2019-2030)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
6.2 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Application (2019-2030)
6.3 Global Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Average Price by Application (2019-2030)
7 North America
7.1 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
7.2 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
7.3 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.2 North America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Country (2019-2030)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
8.2 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
8.3 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Country (2019-2030)
8.3.2 Europe Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Country (2019-2030)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Region (2019-2030)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Region (2019-2030)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
10 South America
10.1 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
10.2 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
10.3 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Country (2019-2030)
10.3.2 South America Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Country (2019-2030)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Type (2019-2030)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Application (2019-2030)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Sales Quantity by Country (2019-2030)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Consumption Value by Country (2019-2030)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2019-2030)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Drivers
12.2 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Market Restraints
12.3 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)
13.3 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Production Process
13.4 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Typical Distributors
14.3 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
First Solar
Sharp
Yingli Solar
Solar Frontier
SunPower
Solarcentury
Hanwha Solar
REC Group
Panasonic
Kyocera
Canadian Solar
Suntech
Trina Solar
Meyer Burger
AGC Solar
Harsha Abakus Solar
Sapa Group
ISSOL
SolarWorld AG
Jinko Solar
*If Applicable.